drug
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Any substance (excluding food, water and oxygen) that, when taken into a body, alters its function physically or psychologically. These substances include prescription drugs, bush and alternative medicines, energy drinks, caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, illegal drugs and performance-enhancing drugs.
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elements of movement
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Variables that are combined in composing and performing movement. The elements of movement are effort, time, space and relationships.
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emotional health
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An ability to recognise, understand and develop approaches to effectively manage emotions and use this knowledge when thinking, feeling and acting.
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enhance
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To add to, improve or increase; to build on assets and strengths that already exist for an individual, group or community.
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familiar (adj.)
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Content, process or approach previously encountered in learning activities.
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food and nutrition
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Refers to food groups and recommendations for healthy eating across the lifespan as well as sustainable strategies for healthy eating and nutrition, food labelling, packaging and food advertising.
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fundamental movement skills
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The foundation movements or precursor patterns to more specialised, complex skills in games, sports, dance, gymnastics and physical recreation activities. They provide the foundation for human movement and competent and confident participation in a range of physical activities. The fundamental movement skills to be developed through Health and Physical Education include:
- locomotor and non-locomotor skills– rolling, balancing, sliding, jogging, running, leaping, jumping, hopping, dodging, galloping, skipping, floating and moving the body through water to safety
- object control skills – bouncing, throwing, catching, kicking, striking.
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games and sports
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Modified games, traditional games or sports, culturally significant games and sports (such as traditional Indigenous games and games of significance from the Asia region) and non-traditional games and sports (including student-designed games). Most games and sports can be classified into invasion games, net and wall games, striking and fielding games and target games.
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gender
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Refers to the concepts of male and female as well as the socially constructed expectations about what is acceptable for males and females including behaviour, dress and interests. These expectations vary across history and different cultures. Legally, there are more than two genders, and a person may identify as male, female, neither male nor female or both.
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health
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A state of complete physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It includes the ability to lead a socially and economically productive life.
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health benefits of physical activity
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Refers to the influence and impact regular physical activity participation has on individual and community social and emotional health and wellbeing. It involves making active choices and exploring the range of influences on physical activity participation and choices.
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health literacy
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An ability to access information, community services and resources, and take action to promote personal health and the health of others. This includes online information and websites as well as information from friends, family and health professionals.
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identify
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To recognise or name someone or something.
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identities
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Individual characteristics (including thoughts, ideas, feelings and attitudes towards self-worth) and capabilities of a person, or characteristics of a social group. Identity refers to all things that define who we are at any given moment in our lives. It is not static. We construct our identities according to things such as where we come from, what we believe in, who we relate to, how we belong, how we behave and what we do.
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interpret
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To explain the meaning of information or actions.
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lifelong physical activities
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Physical activities that can enhance health and wellbeing across the lifespan including individual and group activities and active recreation activities. With access to specialised facilities, equipment and expertise, these activities can include swimming, tai chi, yoga, Pilates, bushwalking, recreational cycling and resistance training.
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mental health
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A state of wellbeing in which an individual thrives and can manage normal stresses of life, work and recreation. Social, emotional and spiritual resilience, which enables people to enjoy life and survive pain, disappointment and sadness. It is a positive sense of wellbeing and an underlying belief in our own and others’ dignity and worth.
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minor games
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Simple games, with few rules, designed to allow students to practise skills, tactics and strategies in a challenging situation.
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movement challenges
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Movement tasks that require individual students or groups of students to solve a problem to successfully complete the task. The solution may be communicated in various modes (e.g. verbalised, documented or demonstrated physically).
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movement concepts and strategies
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These provide a framework for enhancing movement performance. Movement concepts (or elements of movement) explored in the curriculum include body awareness; spatial awareness; effort awareness; and relationship to/with objects, people and space. Movement strategies refer to a variety of approaches that will help a player or team to successfully achieve a movement outcome or goal. Movement strategies include moving into space to receive a pass from a teammate or hitting a ball away from opponents to make it difficult to retrieve or return the ball. Different games and sports may require similar activities or goals and will therefore use similar movement strategies to achieve success.
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physical activity
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Physical activity is a broad term that includes playing sport; exercise and fitness activities such as dance, yoga and tai chi; everyday activities such as walking to work, household chores and gardening; and many other forms of active recreation.
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play
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Play is an activity that is positively valued by the player, self-motivated, freely chosen, and engaging. People of all ages actively involved in play may be engaged in a variety of activities, independently, with a partner or in a group. Play can occur indoors or outdoors. It is closely tied to cognitive, socio-emotional, and motor development, and is an important part of developmentally appropriate learning. Benefits of a play can include persistence, negotiation, problem-solving, planning and cooperation.
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practise (verb)
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To repeat and rehearse an activity or exercise for the purpose of improvement or to maintain proficiency.
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protective behaviour
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Any safety action or strategy used in response to recognising early warning signs or potential dangers of a situation with the aim of prevention, risk reduction or harm minimisation.
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recognise
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To be aware of or acknowledge and make connections.
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recreation
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An activity in which people enjoy participating during their free time. Recreation is often recognised as having socially worthwhile qualities. Active recreation requires physical exertion.
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resilience
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A capacity to deal constructively with change or challenge, allowing a person to maintain or re-establish their social and emotional wellbeing in the face of difficult events. It involves thoughts, feelings and actions. Resilience is an integral part of learning as it underpins the ability to respond positively to setbacks or mistakes.
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respond
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To react to a person or text.
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rhythmic and expressive movement
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Movement that is composed and performed in response to stimuli such as equipment, beats and sounds, images, words or themes. It includes creative movement, movement exploration, and dance elements. With specialised facilities, equipment and expertise, it can also include circus skills, tai chi, yoga, rhythmic gymnastics and educational gymnastics.
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safety
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Relates to safety issues that students may encounter in their daily lives, recognising risk, making safe decisions and behaving in ways that protect their own safety and that of others. It includes recognising safe decisions that keep people healthy in situations and places such as school, home, on roads, outdoors, near and in water, parties, online, first aid, relationships and dating, and personal safety.
Young people may seek out risks elsewhere, in environments that are not controlled or designed for them, if a play and physical activity provision is not challenging enough. Important learning can take place when students are exposed to, and have to learn to deal with, environmental hazards.
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select
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To choose in preference to another or others.
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sexuality
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A central aspect of being human throughout life. It is influenced by an interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, ethical, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors. It is experienced and expressed in thoughts, feelings, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships.
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sport
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A human activity that has physical exertion, skills tactics and strategies as a primary focus, with elements of competition, and for which rules and patterns of behaviour governing an activity exist formally through organisations.
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transitions
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Internal processes or psychological reorientation people experience as a result of change, and usually involves establishing new behaviours or new ways of thinking before the change can work. Individuals experience transitions in different ways and at different rates. Transition involves three stages: a letting go of the way things are or used to be; a period of exploration and adjustment; and a final stage where new behaviours and ways of working evolve.
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unfamiliar
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Not previously encountered in prior learning activities.
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wellbeing
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A sense of satisfaction, happiness, effective social functioning and spiritual health, and dispositions of optimism, openness, curiosity and resilience.
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